Discipline

History

Lessons across the journey that lean on history, in the order they appear in the story.

  1. 1.5
    How we know

    The three pillars of evidence for the Big Bang, and how each one could have proved it wrong.

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  2. 2.5
    Reading starlight

    Spectra, distances and the cosmic distance ladder: how we measure things we can never visit.

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  3. 2.7
    One chart for every star

    The Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, which organises every star by brightness and temperature.

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  4. 3.3
    The periodic table as a history book

    Every element has an origin story; the periodic table arranged by where each one was made.

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  5. 4.6
    Deep time

    Radiometric dating: how we know the age of a rock.

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  6. 5.3
    Evolution by natural selection

    The one mechanism that turns chemistry into everything else.

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  7. 6.4
    Language and symbolic thought

    The one thing that leaves no fossils, and how we look for it anyway.

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  8. 6.5
    Collective learning

    The threshold: why a species that forgets nothing beats a species that thinks faster.

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  9. 6.6
    Out of Africa, into India

    How our species spread across the world, and what the genetics of the subcontinent actually show.

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  10. 6.7
    Foraging lifeways

    How people lived for ninety-five percent of human history, and why we keep getting it wrong.

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  11. 7.1
    Why farm?

    The worst decision anyone ever made, taken independently at least eleven times.

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  12. 7.3
    Villages to cities

    How a pile of grain becomes a temple, a scribe, a tax and a king.

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  13. 7.4
    The Indus Valley civilisation

    The largest of the ancient civilisations by area, with no palaces, no royal tombs, and a script nobody can read.

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  14. 7.5
    The price of farming

    The bill for cities: disease, inequality, patriarchy, slavery and soil.

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  15. 7.6
    Empires and exchange

    Why agrarian states kept growing, kept collapsing, and kept connecting.

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  16. 8.1
    The Columbian Exchange

    Two worlds meet, and the deadliest thing that crosses is invisible.

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  17. 8.2
    The Scientific Revolution

    Not a discovery but a method, and not invented anywhere in particular.

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  18. 8.3
    Fossil Fuels and Industry

    Digging up three hundred million years of sunlight, and what it did to everyone who did not.

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  19. 8.4
    The Great Acceleration

    Twenty-four graphs that all bend at the same moment, and what that moment cost.

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  20. 8.5
    The Anthropocene

    A proposed geological epoch that was formally rejected in 2024, and why that rejection changes nothing about the evidence.

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  21. 9.3
    Machines that learn

    Chapter 6 said collective learning made us. This lesson asks, carefully, whether this counts.

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  22. 9.4
    Editing life

    The first CRISPR cure works. It treats a disease concentrated in the places least able to pay for it.

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